{"id":1241,"date":"2022-02-17T11:37:19","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T03:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/?page_id=1241"},"modified":"2026-04-22T17:02:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T09:02:47","slug":"%e6%b5%b7%e6%b0%a3%e8%b1%a1%e8%a7%80%e6%b8%ac%e6%a8%81","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%b6%88%e6%81%af\/%e8%a7%80%e6%b8%ac%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1\/%e6%b5%b7%e6%b0%a3%e8%b1%a1%e8%a7%80%e6%b8%ac%e6%a8%81\/","title":{"rendered":"Pile Station"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\u570b\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78 \u8fd1\u6d77\u6c34\u6587\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>
\nCoastal Ocean Monitoring Center, National Cheng Kung University (COMC, NCKU)<\/b><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Pile Station<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

1.\tOverview<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Collecting marine meteorological data at sea is far more challenging than on land. As a result, various international observation platforms have been developed to carry sensors and instruments for data collection. Among these, the ocean observation pile (fixed observation tower) serves as a stationary automatic marine meteorological observation station at sea. In addition to dedicated observation piles, existing offshore fixed structures\u2014such as wind measurement towers and offshore coal unloading pier\u2014are sometimes also utilized for marine and meteorological observations.<\/p>

Common oceanographic observation parameters include water temperature, tides, and waves, while meteorological observations include air temperature, air pressure, and wind. Even before the establishment of the COMC, research had already been conducted on water level telemetry from observation piles and the analysis of directional wave spectra. Dedicated observation piles have been deployed off the coasts of Taichung and Taixi, and the technology has been applied to other platforms such as the Kaohsiung and Qigu offshore observation piles, the coal unloading pier of Taipower\u2019s Hsinta Power Plant, CPC\u2019s Guoguang Platform in Hsinchu, the offshore coal unloading pier of Taipower\u2019s Hsinta Power Plant, and the offshore wind measurement tower in Changhua. In addition to developing and applying directional wave spectrum analysis techniques, COMC has actively introduced advanced remote sensing instruments and developed system integration technologies to improve the quality of observational data. Furthermore, the Institute of Transportation, MOTC, has also established observation piles\u2014such as the Taipei Port observation pile, which is equipped with wind measurement capability.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

2.\tSystem Architecture and Specifications<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Figure 1 shows the system architecture of COMC\u2019s marine meteorological observation pile, where sensors are selected based on their suitability at the time of deployment and can be upgraded as sensing technologies advance. For example, earlier systems used centimeter-level ultrasonic tide gauges for water level and directional wave spectrum analysis, while the latest systems employ radar tide gauges with millimeter-level accuracy. Through the development of the data acquisition system, the sensors, power subsystems, and transmission equipment are integrated into a unified observation system. This design allows the system to be highly scalable and customizable to meet diverse marine meteorological observation requirements. Figure 2 provides an example of the system\u2019s structural dimensions, designed according to the platform specifications of the Qigu marine meteorological observation pile. The size of each observation system can be adjusted based on the platform dimensions of the observation pile at each site.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
Figure 1. Operational Observation System of the Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
Figure 2. Example Diagram of Observation System Dimensions<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Instrument<\/th>\n Measurement Range<\/th>\n Accuracy<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n\n
Thermometer<\/td>\n -40 ~ 60 \u2103<\/td>\n 0.2 \u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
Barometer<\/td>\n 800 ~ 1,100 hPa<\/td>\n 1.8 hPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
Anemometer (Propeller Type)<\/td>\n 0 ~ 100 m\/s<\/td>\n \u00b10.3 m\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
Anemometer (Ultrasonic Type)<\/td>\n 0 ~ 65 m\/s<\/td>\n \u00b10.2 m\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
Wind Vane (Propeller Type)<\/td>\n 0 ~ 360\u00b0<\/td>\n 3\u00b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
Wind Vane (Ultrasonic Type)<\/td>\n 0 ~ 360\u00b0<\/td>\n 2\u00b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
Water Temperature Sensor<\/td>\n 0 ~ 50 \u2103<\/td>\n 0.05 \u2103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
Radar Water Level Gauge<\/td>\n Up to 70 m<\/td>\n \u00b13 mm @distance \u2264 30 m
\u00b10.01% F.S. @distance > 30 m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

3.\tObservation Principles<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Among the observation items of the\u00a0marine meteorological observation pile,\u00a0wave observation\u00a0is one of the most complex. Its fundamental principles can be divided into two parts: the\u00a0sensor system\u00a0and the\u00a0directional wave spectrum analysis, as described below.<\/p>

  1. Sensor
      COMC has introduced the Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar, a modern remote sensing instrument capable of measuring sea surface elevation from the observation pile for use in directional wave spectrum analysis. The FMCW radar determines water level variations by measuring the distance between the radar and the sea surface, as expressed in Equation (1).<\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      1. Directional Wave Spectrum
        1. The directional wave spectrum is defined as the product of a one-dimensional wave spectrum and a directional spreading function, as shown in Equation (2).<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
            1. The one-dimensional spectrum can be derived from the observed water level data using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The directional spreading function can then be estimated using one of several methods, such as the Truncated Fourier Series Method, Maximum Likelihood Method, Bayesian Directional Method, or Maximum Entropy Method, including their modified forms. The directional spreading function must satisfy Equation (3). Based on Equation (4), and through the calculation of cross-spectra between water level measurements at different positions, a set of simultaneous equations can be established and solved to obtain the directional spreading function.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t

              4.\tInstallation Process <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              1. Installing observation instruments on the platform<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              2. Installing the wave gauge main unit<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              3. Wave gauge installation completed<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              4. Installing and testing the data acquisition system<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              5. Qigu Marine Meteorological Observation Pile installation completed<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t

              5.\tObservation Results<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBefore and after the establishment of the COMC, the\u00a0COMC\u00a0has developed and installed\u00a0marine meteorological observation systems\u00a0on both\u00a0dedicated observation piles\u00a0and\u00a0various types of offshore platforms, including:\n
                \n \t
              1. Coal Unloading Pier at Taipower\u2019s Hsinta Power Plant<\/li>\n \t
              2. Taichung Marine Meteorological Observation Pile<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                1. Taixi Marine Meteorological Observation Pile<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                  1. Kaohsiung Dalinpu Marine Meteorological Observation Pile<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                    1. Qigu Meteorological Observation Pile<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t
                      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                      1. CPC Hsinchu Guoguang Platform<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                        1. Offshore Coal Unloading Pier at Taipower\u2019s Hsinta Power Plant<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          1. Yongchuan Changhua Wind Measurement Tower\u00a0\u2014\u00a0Example of directional wave spectrum analysis<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                            \n\t\t\t\t
                            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            \u570b\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78 \u8fd1\u6d77\u6c34\u6587\u4e2d\u5fc3 Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center, National …<\/p>\n

                            Pile Station<\/span> \u95b1\u8b80\u5168\u6587 »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1232,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1241","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"PCLIN","author_link":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/author\/pclin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u570b\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78 \u8fd1\u6d77\u6c34\u6587\u4e2d\u5fc3 Coastal Ocean Monitoring Center, National...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1241"}],"version-history":[{"count":111,"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8695,"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1241\/revisions\/8695"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.comc.ncku.edu.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}